y 


OF  / 

THOMAS  GOLD,  ESQ. 

President  of  the  Berkshire  Agricultural  Socieffj, 

AND   MEMIlEn    OF    THB 

MASSACHUSETTS  SOCIETY, 


BKHVEUED    DEFOHE    THE 


BERKSHIRE  ASSOCIATION, 


EOa    THE    pnOJtOTION    OP 


Agriculture  and  Manufactures j 

AT  PITTSFIELD,  OCT.  3u,  1316, 


"  Quid  faciat  Icetas  segetcs  :  quo  sidere  terrain   • 

Vertere  ISIsecenas,  ulnifeq'. "  litljaog'ere  v#tes 

Conveniat  :  quae  cura  boiim,  qui  cuitus  habendo 

Sit  pecori  ; 

Ilinc  cimere  incipiam."  Vihg.  Geo.  Lib.  1. 


TOGETH-ER    AVITH    THE 

Heport  of  the  Committee  on  Agi'iculture^ 


AND    rUE    ABDllESS    OF 


.     ELKANAH  WATSON,  Esq,. 

PREV'IOUS   TO    DECLARING   THE   PREMICIJS   REFORTEB. 


1811.  0 


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PITTS ri£:/.7)  : 
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OF 


THOMAS  GOLD,  ESQ. 

President  of  the  Berkshire  Jgricultwal  SocletUy 


AND  membeh  op  thb 


MASSACHUSETTS  SOCIETY, 

DKilVEUED    BEFOHE    THE 

BERKSHIRE  ASSOCIATION, 


EOa    THE    rno MOTION    OF 


Agriculture  and  Manufactures j 

AT  PITTSFIELD,  OCT.  3u,  1316, 


"  Quid  faciat  Icetas  segetes  :  quo  sldere  terrain   • 

Verlere  !Mjecenas,  ulnsteq';  ■  adjungere  v#tes 

Conveniat  :  quse  cura  boum,  qui  cuitiis  habendo 

Sit  pecori  ; 

Hinc  cimere  incipiam."  Vmo.  Geo.  Lib.  1. 


TOGET*H-En    WITH    THE 

Meport  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture^ 


AND    XUE    AI'UHESS    OF 


.     ELKANAH  WATSON,  Escu 

PREVIOUS    TO    DECLARING    THE    PREMIWJIS    REFORTEB. 


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^ssae^aiif^Kamamamm.KaJjmumm 

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Berkshire  Agricultural  Society. 

Oct.  3d,  1816. 

Voted,  That  the  Address  this  day  delivered  by  THOMAS  GOLD; 
Esq..  the  President  of  the  Society,  be  requested  for  pubHcation — and, 
also,  the  Address  this  day  delivered  by  El/KANAH  WATSON,  Esa- 
previous  to  declaring  the  premiums  awarded. 

Fer  Order.  WOLCOTT  LAWREXCE,  Secretary. 


Pittsfield,  ("Mass. J  3d  October,  1816. 

Sin, 

THE  members  of  the  BEllKSHIRE  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIE- 

TY  thank  you  for  the  highly  interesting  and  excellent  Address,  vhich 
you  this  day  delivered  to  them,  and  respectfully  request  of  you  a  copy 
of  the  same  for  pubhcation. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be, 
JNIost  cordially. 
Your  friends  and  humble  servants, 

JOHN'  W.  HULP.ERT,   ■)^  Special   Com- 
TLMOTHY  CHILDS,       C    mittee  of  said 
JOHN  B.  ROOT,  5         Society. 

To  THOMAS  GOLT>,  Esq.  President  of  the 
Merksidre  ./IgricuUural  Society. 


Pittsfeld,  Octoba-  4th,  1816. 

GEKTtEMEN, 

T'lie  Address  I  had  the  honor  to  deliver,  yesterday,  before  the 
Berkshire  Association  for  tlie  promotion  of  Agriculture  and  Manufac- 
tures, is  surrendered  for  publication,  as  you  have  requested.  The  Ad- 
dress was  prepared  on  sliort  notice,  and  at  a  time  when  extremely  occu- 
pied with  prolessional  concerns,  solely  with  a  view  to  promote  tlie  im- 
portant and  useful  purposes  of  tlie  Society.  It  is  proper  that  I  sohcit 
the  indulgence  of  the  public,  and  your  protection. 
I  iiave  the  honor,  Gentlemen, 

To  remain  with  perfect  esteem  and  regard. 
Your  devoted  liumble  sei-vant, 

THOMAS  GOLD 

I/on.  John  TF.  Tlulbert,  lion.   Timothy  Chiids, 
and  John  JJ.  Jioot^  J^sq. 


ADDRESS. 


GzHfLEMEN  OF  THE  BERKSHIRE  AcRICULtURAL   SoCIEn-, 
AND    FELLOtt'^-Cll'IZENSy 

E  are  again  permitted  to  assemble  to  review 
the  events  of  the  past  year,  which  relate  to 
our  institution,  and  to  execute  the  duties  which  the 
occasion  has  imposed.  A  meeting  so  interesting  and 
auspicious  to  human  happiness,  is  not  more  a  subject 
of  joy,  than  of  gratitude,  to  the  great  author  of  nature, 
who  iias  preserved  us,  and  who  has  caused  his  bles- 
sings so  richly  to  descend  on  us,  individually,  and  so- 
cially ;  and  who  has  inspired  us  to  devote  our  best 
services  to  render  the  cultivation  of  the  earth  more 
fruitful,  and  the  condition  of  man  more  independent 
and  happy.  Five  years  have  elapsed  since  this  insti- 
tution was  incorporated,  and  we  this  day  witness  the 
sixth  celebration  which  the  Society  has  caused  to  be 
observed.  During  this  period,  the  Society  has  faithr 
fully  and  zealously  pursued  the  objects  committed  to 
its  trust.  With  what  success  our  labors  have  been 
crowned,  with  what  value  public  opinion  has  stampt 
them,  may  be  seen  in  the  rapid  increase  cf  the  fruity 
pf  agriculture,  and  the  rise  and  progress  of  manufac- 
tures. Public  fame  has  done  justice  to  your  preten- 
sions, and  your  fellow-citizens  are  gathering  a  rich  and- 
glorious  reward  in  the  prosperity  of  this  highly  favor- 
ed county.  The  constitution  of  our  Commonwecilth 
has  made  it  the  duty  of  the  legislature,  "  to  encour- 
age private  societies,  and  public  institutions,  to  grant 
rewards  and  immunities  for  the  promotion  of  agricul- 
ture, arts,  sciences,  common  trades,  manufactures, 
and  a  natural  history  of  the  country."  The  legisla? 
tuie  on  whom  these  duties  were  imposed  have  delega- 
ted to  you^  the  power  of   performing  on  the  spjali 


scale,  what  it  was  proper  for  them  long  since  to  have 
attempted  on  the  great  theatre  of  the  Commonwealth! 
It  is  a  subject  of  regret,  that  the  rulers  of  freemen 
should  have  delayed  so  long  to  devise  a  system, 
effectually  to  execute  this  constitutional  injunction! 
The  rewards  and  encouragements  bestowed  by  socie- 
ties acting  under  limited  delegated  powers,  and  Vvith 
inconsiderable  means,  shew  what  mighty  effects  could 
have  been  produced,  had  legislative  wisdom  and  libe-  -' 
rality  been  directed  by  more  fortunate  auspices.  It  is 
not  less  a  mark  of  good  sense,  and  provident  care,  in 
the  conductors  of  a  government,  to  stimulate  the  peo- 
ple by  suitable  rewards  to  increase  the  treasures  and 
resources  of  agriculture  and  manufactures,  than  to 
frame  good  laws  for  the  protection  of  life,  liberty  and 
property.  A  sentiment  so  favorable  to  private  inde- 
pendence, and  the  increase  of  public  power,  has  seK 
dom  b^en  felt,  and  never  sufficiently  realized.  H  ence 
we  observe  the  condition  of  a  nation,  its  advance  or 
its  decline,  its  rapid,  or  its  retarded  march  towards  its 
destined  perfection.  The  state  of  agriculture  and  the 
extent  of  manufactures,  determine  the  strength,  and 
the  commercial  prosperity  of  a  state.  If  the  legishi- 
ture  of  a  country  encourage  the  people,  by  a  system  of 
ways  and  means,  to  acquire  a  more  ready  and  ample 
subsistence,  and  open  to  them  the  way  to  opulence, 
they  soon  become  attached  to  their  soil,'and  a  passion 
for  their  local  habitation  and  country  becomes  habitu- 
al, and  produces  content.  Thus  cherished,  and  ac- 
commodated by  a  government  devoted  to  their  hap- 
piness, no  spirit  of  restlessness  invades  their  peaceful 
homes,  and  no  vagrant  disposition  impels  them  to 
search  for  new  and  distant  countries.  The  spirit  of 
emigration,  the  plague  and  the  misfortune  of  New- 
England  would  become  extinct.  For  forty  years  the 
spirit  of  emigration  has  exhausted  this  prolific  region, 
to  accumulate  strength,  and  wealtli,  and  glory,  to  dis- 
tant states.  Happily  the  public  feeling  is  becoming 
less  torpid,  aiid  the  public  eye  clearer  sighted  on  this 
momentous  subject.  The  legislature  of  this  Com- 
monwealth manifests  a  solicitude  to  cheek  this  grow- 
ing evil.     The  remedy  is  obvious.     Qbey  the  consti- 


intional  injunction,  "  encourage  private  societies  and 
public  institutions,  by  rewards  and  innnunitics  for  the 
promotion  of  agriculture  and  manufactures."  Hold- 
ing the  responsible  station  which  your  favor  has  as- 
signed, it  is  an  incumbent  duty,  annually,  to  present 
this  subject  for  public  consideration  ;  and  it  is  not  a 
less  imperious  duty,  on  the  members  of  tliis  institu- 
tion to  cherish  these  sentiments,  and  to  diffuse  them  a- 
f^road  amongst  the  people,  that  the  Vvhole  community 
may  be  awakened  to  a  sense  of  their  condition  and  fu- 
ture prospects. 

The  duties  of  the  day  require  me  to  review  the  e- 
vents  and  transactions  which  have  happened  since  the 
foundation  of  the  society,  that  relate  to  agriculture  and 
nianufctctures,  the  legitimate  objects  of  the  inslitution. 
In  executing  this  task,  I  shall  be  allowed  by  your  in- 
dulgence to  ask  your  attention  to  such  topics  as  con- 
cern the  general  welfare  of  this  institution,  rather  thi.ij 
to  details  of  rural  management,  if  we  had  t!ic  leis- 
ure to  prepare  an  appropriate  lecture  on  the  composi- 
tion of  our  soils  ;  on  experiments  to  ascertain  their 
native  fitness  for  various  modes  of  cultivation,  an4 
crops  ;  on  the  nature  vnd  preparation  of  njanures  ; 
on  the  rearing  and  managing  of  our  domestic  animals  j 
on  the  means  of  rer.dering  farms  more  fruitful  ;  on 
the  various  species  of  sustenance  composing  the  ve- 
getable creation  ;  on  the  planting,  rearing  and  preser- 
vation of  fruit  and  forest  trees  ;  on  materials  for  man- 
ufactures and  tiie  measures  to  promote  them,  it  might 
well  be  doubted  whether  this  he  a  fit  occasion  for  such 
a  display.  Jiespect  for  my  audience,  and  sir.cere  con- 
cern for  the  v^'cifare  of  the  vSocicty,  induce  me  to  omit 
these  topics,  and  devote  myself  to  other  considerations 
which  the  crisis  imperiously  demands. 

Gentlem.en  of  tlie  Societv,  yon  will  allow  rne  ta 
remark,  that  the  details  alluded  to  constitute  the  ap- 
propriate employmen.t  of  the  Society,  on  occasions 
expressly  assigned  for  corporate  meeti:igs  ;  and  you 
will  permit  me  to  add,  that  a  sense  ol  duty  and  an  cn- 
lighiened  zeal  for  our  cause,  demand  a  belter  orgunir 


zed  arrangement  for  the  execution  of  these  duties.— 
The  honor  and  the  prosperity  of  the  institution  re- 
quire that  there  should  be  at  least  semi-annual  meet- 
ings of  the  members,  for  the  express  purpose  of  ana- 
iitical  enquiries  into  the  subjects  of  the  trust ;  for  col- 
lecting experiments  ;  for  receiving  projects  ;  and  fi- 
nally, arranging  them  for  public  use.  The  views  of 
the  Society  cannot  be  answered  short  of  such  an  ar- 
rangement. The  good  Ave  nim  at  will  never  be  ef- 
fected unless  the  fruits  of  these  labors  are  placed  in 
the  hands  of  our  fellow-citizens.  Through  thcit  me- 
dium, information  will  be  conveyed  to  all.  The  re- 
sult will  be  a  general  excitement,  a  general  enquiry, 
and  a  scries  of  valuable  experiments.  Gentlemen,  the 
great  object  is  to  combine  theor}'-  and  practice.  Thro' 
this  ordeal  information  may  be  transmitted  to  the  com- 
jTiunity  that  shall  merit  confidence. 

The  course  prescribed  to  myself,  excites  a  diffidence 
for  its  execution,  and  I  shall  repose  much  on  the  indul- 
gence of  my  respected  audience.  The  short  time  since 
it  has  been  my  duty  to  address  you,  together  with  al- 
most constant  professional  engagements,  justly  awa- 
ken solicitude,  and  will  deprive  my  hearers  of  much 
of  that  entertainment  which  they  have  a  right  to  ex- 
pect. Tills  Society  had  its  origin  in  the  praise-worthy 
project  of  improving  the  condition  of  agriculture,  and 
awakening  our  feilow-citizens  to  exertions  for  prose- 
cuting manufactures.  The  agriculture  of  the  coun- 
ty had  become  stationary,  and  the  spirit  of  improv  e- 
jnent  nearlv  extinct.  Few  inducements  remained  to 
5:herish  enterprize,  or  occupy  industry  and  talents.— 
The  spirit  of  emigration  was  every  where  in  acti\ity, 
and  the  census  of  the  county  painfully  admonished  us, 
that  a  too  general  disposition  prevailed  of  seeking  as- 
s}  hims  in  the  western  region  of  oin^  country.  It  was 
at  this  crisis  the  bociety  commenced  the  novel  and 
interesting  experiment,  of  exciting  the  people  of  the 
county  to  examine  their  situations,  to  explore  the  re- 
sources' of  their  soils,  and  to  commence  improve- 
pients  that  ensured  success  and  profit. 

The  spirit  and  energy  of  the  people  gloriously  su5- 


tained  the  projects  submitted  for  experiinent.  The 
annual  reiurns  of  the  Committees  on  agriculture  fur- 
nish conclusive  evidence  that  their  farms  are  subject- 
ed to  better  managemenf  ;  the  products  more  abun- 
dant, and  more  estimable  for  their  quality.  The  dai- 
ry department  has  received  valuable  improvements, 
and  commands  better  prices.  The  cattle  have  be- 
come more  select,  and  preferable  for  our  rearing. — 
The  subject  of  sheep  has  been  pursued  with  an  in- 
telligence and  utility  never  surpassed.  Our  grass-fed 
swine,  the  humble  tenants  of  the  earth,  are  an  acquisi- 
tion of  no  small  value  to  a  country  wiiere  heretofore 
they  were  reared  with  expence,  and  often  with  sacri- 
fice. Kxperience  continues  to  recommiend,  with  in- 
creasing interest,  the  use  of  ashes  and  lime,  of  gyp- 
sum, or  plaister,  and  marls,  as  manures  ;  and  their  fit- 
ness to  our  soils.  The  present  year,  plaister  has  not 
so  uniformly  produced  the  effects  usually  ascribed  to 
it.  The  presence  of  so  much  cold  weather,  and  the 
absence  of  tlie  usual  moisture  of  the  earth,  have  ren- 
dered plaister  less  operative.  It  appears  from  this 
fact  that  considerable  heat  and  moisture  are  requisite 
to  give  effect  to  the  principle  by  whicli  it  has  in  a  sin- 
gular manner  affected  vegetation.  The  recent  dis- 
covery of  marls  in  thecounty,  and  particularly  in  Pitts- 
field,  is  an  important  event  in  rural  history.  It  is 
found  in  several  places,  in  sufficient  quantities,  and  is 
a  most  valuable  manure,  being  adapted  to  a  more  gen- 
eral use  than  plaister. 

The  search  for  an  article,  so  necessary  to  prosperous 
husbandry,  should  be  continued  ;  and  let  it  be  remem- 
bered, that  it  is  not  fit  for  use,  unless  dug  in  autumn,, 
and  exposed  to  tiie  frosts  of  winter.  A  laudable  at- 
.tention  to  the  preservation  of  our  forests,  and  v/ood, 
and  their  increase  is  discovered.  And  it  is  whh 
pleasure  we  observe  the  numerous  plantings  of  the 
sugar  maple,  a  tree  most  easily  raised,  and  of  great 
value.  The  Society  have  particularly  recommended 
the  propagatiopi  of  this  tree,  by  a  liberal  premium. 
And  when  it  is  recollected  that  the  produce  of  this  tree, 
in  the  United  States,  constitutes  oue  seve-rJi  part  ci 


the  sugar  consumed,  and  exceeds  ten  millions  ol' 
pounds,  and  of  the  vahie  of  twelve  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  it  forms  a  prominent  object  in  rural  econom}'. 

The  subject  of  manufactures  presents  to  us  many 
interesting  considerations.  In  the  year  1811,  the  con- 
dition of  manufactures  in  this  county,  was  desolate 
and  hopeless.  The  most  we  could  boast  of,  was  an 
indiderent  supply  of -coarse  and  imperfect  household 
i'abrics.  These  small  beginnings  were  indicacions  of 
successful  progress,  and  an, earnest  of  what  spjiit  and 
energy  would  eventually  effect.  The  attempt  was 
fhade,  and  the  event  has  realized  all  our  anticipations. 
The  period  at  which  this  experiment  commenced  was 
favorable,  and  numerous  occurrences  conspired  to  cre- 
ate confidence. 

Desolating  wars  raging  in  Europe,  and  the  prostra- 
tion of  the  laws  which  commonly  protected  neutral  com- 
merce, concurred  to  accelerate  this  enterprize.  The 
consequences  were  such  as  to  excite  an  almost  instan- 
taneous enquiry  into  the  natural  resources  of  the  coun- 
try, and  the  ability  to  apply  them  to  useful  purposes. 

Such  was  llie  result,  that  in  the  autumn  of  the  year 
1815,  the  county  was  one  general  display  of  house- 
hold manufactures,  and  also  contained  twenty- one 
woollen  and  six  cotton  mamifacturing  establishments, 
of  various  extent  and  value.  Also,  an  extensive  manu- 
factory for  sail  cloth,  from  which  the  American  Navy, 
in  the  proud  days  of  her  triun^ph,  had  respectable 
supplies.  There  is  also  in  this  town  an  excellent  es- 
tablislrment  for  the  manufacture  of  fire  arms,  supplied 
with  most  valuable  machinery,  of  the  latest  improve- 
ments, and  is  conducted  with  skill  and  effect.  These 
establishments  have  employed  a  large  capital,  and  ma- 
r>y  artizans.  At  present  they  do  not  operate  so  ex- 
tensively as  they  have  done,  and  must  be  contented  to 
move  under  a  restricted  nianagemcnt,  imtil  our  gov- 
ernment shall  be  able  to  devise  a  more  efficient  protec- 
tion for  them.  In  these  great,  and  most  useiul  im- 
pi-o\-emcMt!>,  r;o  i)0))orablc  imd  valuable  to  the  county, 


this  Society  have  acted  a  distinguished  part.  It  is  rid 
mark  of  vanity  to  say,  that  this  Societ}',  by  their  pre- 
iiiiums  and  encouragements  stimuh\ted  the  enterprize, 
and,  by  their  perseverance,  have  created  confidence  in 
the  doubting,  and  spirit  in  all.  The  impression  is  per- 
manent, and  no  obstacles  can  long  detain  Berkshire 
from  ranking  high  on  the  roll  of  distinguished  merit. 

It  is  true  that  the  present  time  is  not  without  its 
embarrassments.  The  prospects  are  obscured  by  in- 
cidents, which  depend  not  on  the  wisdom  or  prudence 
of  man.  The  seasons  and  their  effects  on  human  la- 
bor, are  in  the  disposition  of  the  Most  High,  who  will 
order  every  event  in  perfect  wisdom.  The  produc- 
tions of  the  earth,  however,  in  many  places,  are  abun- 
dant and  uncommon.  Distinguished  mercies  are  in- 
termingled with  judgments.  But  in  nothing  are  em- 
barrassments so  severely  felt,  as  in  that  of  our  com- 
mercial relations.  For  twenty  years,  the  U.  States 
enjoyed  almost  exclusively,  the  navigation  and  com- 
merce of  Europe,  as  well  as  of  America.  During 
this  period,  the  accumulation  of  capital,  and  extent  of 
business,  was  unparalleled  ;  and  produced  changes  in 
society,  proportioned  to  such  astonishing  causes. 

The  return  of  a  general  peace,  arrested  this  suc- 
cessful course  of  affairs,  and  produced  sudden  revo- 
lutions in  commerce  and  agriculture  ;  and  now  aston- 
ishment, doubt  and  depression  seem  alone  to  remain  as 
the  successors  of  the  former  state  of  prosperity,  case, 
and  contentmenti  Not  only  has  this  great  revolution 
in  cur  affairs  taken  place,  but  even  the  prospect  of  re- 
taining any  considerable  share  of  our  former  naviga* 
tion  and  commerce  is  questionable  :  and  we  see  on  ev- 
ery quarter,  business  restricted,  and  enterprise  depri- 
ved of  its  legitimate  pursuits. 

In  every  country,  we  behold  the  government  devo- 
ted  to  the  cultivation  of  their  own  resources,  and  de- 
termined that  their  exclusive  success  shall  occupy  all 
their  care  snd  protection.  The  U.  States  have  noth- 
ing to  hope,  and  nothing  to  fear.     The  road  is  open 


10 

for  our  government  to  prosecute  the  same  wise  meas- 
ures. We  will  not  believe  that  our  statesmen  are  in- 
sensible to  this  state  of  human  affairs,  or  that  they  will 
be  deaf  to  the  claims  which  the  crisis  renders  imperi- 
ous, and  which  patriotism  sanctifies.  These  occur- 
rences lead  us  to  remark,  that  in  such  periods,  the  la- 
bors ;ind  exertions  of  institutions  like  ours,  are  per- 
ceived to  be  most  useful.  They  are  guides  to  direct 
the  enquirer  to  the  means  of  relief.  They  encourage 
the  desponding,  animate  the  doubting,  and  scatter 
knowledge  anidng  all  ranks  of  people.  They  stimu- 
late to  enterprize,  and  open  the  way  to  success.  The 
utility  of  their  works,  commands  confidence  ;  and  the 
fruits  of  their  researches  and  sacrifices,  become  a  rich 
harvest  of  blessings  to  the  world. 

With  impressions  warranted  by  constant  experience, 
may  we  not  anxiously  enquire  why  a  larger  number  of 
our  fellow-citizens  of  Berkshire  have  not  openly  at- 
tached themselves  to  this  institution,  and  by  acts  of 
liberality  proportioned  to  the  merits  of  the  cause,  be- 
come its  avowed  patrons  ?  Let  me  ask,  why  there 
should  be  in  Berkshire  a  single  respectable  farmer  or 
manufacturer,  unconcerned  for  the  welfare  of  this  in- 
stitution ?  It  was  created  for  their  advantage,  it  has 
been  sustained  for  their  benefit,  and  its  views  all  har- 
monize with,  and  cherish  the  prominent  interests  of 
the  county.  .  Is  there  not,  then,  a  sufficient  motive 
to  induce  all  to  co-operate  ? 

Fellow- citizens,  this  institution  is  numbered  in  the 
first  order  of  your  blessings.  Shall  it  be  in  jeopardy 
for  the  want  of  your  support  ?  Are  you  contented  to 
behold  a  heavy  debt  of  gratitude  accumulating  from 
year  to  year,  to  the  few,  generous,  enlightened  and  be- 
nevolent Uicn,  who  have  so  long  by  their  labors  and 
pecuniary  sacrifices,  sustained  your  honor,  and  reared 
a  name  for  Berkshire,  that  shall  be  transmitted  to  oth- 
er times,  Vi^ith  increasing  glory.  Fellow-citizens  of 
Berksliire,  let  me  entreat  you  no  longer  to  indulge  ap- 
athy, or  indifference  ;  but  come  forward  with  your 
counsels,  and  your  pecuniary  aids,  to  sustain  a  Socie- 


11 

ty,  peculiarly  committed  to  your  protection.  On  this 
occasion,  the  language  of  wisdom  is  prophetic  and 
impressive.  Our  Almighty  Benefactor  has  never 
promised  a  blessing  to  the  idle  steward,  of  the  treas- 
ures committed  to  his  care. 

The  peculiar  influence  of  distinguished  individuals 
in  promoting  the  benevolent  views  of  this  institution, 
merit  to  be  recognized  at  every  returning  anniversary. 
Good  works  will  receive  as  they  merit  the  applause  of 
all  men.  Among  our  benefactors,  none  stand  more 
conspicuous  than  tiie  worthy  and  patriotic  gentleman, 
who  is  justly  stiied  the  founder  of  the  institution,  and 
his  successor,  whose  liberality  and  industry  in  promo-- 
ting  its  welfare,  have  been  distinguished.  May  the 
recollection  of  their  counsels,  and  the  value  of  their 
examples,  be  cherished  by  the  members  of  the  Socie- 
ty, and  repaid  with  gratitude  and  respect. 

Among  the  events  which  have  distinguished  the 
Berkshire  Association,  none  has  been  more  interest- 
ing and  valuable  than  the  decided  support  received 
from  the  female  portion  of  society.  On  every  occa- 
sion it  is  due  to  them  to  declare,  their  example  has  been 
conspicuous,  and  their  exertions  prompt  and  efficient. 
During  the  progress  of  the  Society,  the  ladies  have 
not  been  more  admired  for  industry,  than  for  the  vari- 
ety, taste,  and  ingenious  ejiiecution  of  useful  and  valu- 
able fabrics.  They  have  essential!}^  increased  the 
means  of  social  happiness,  and  have  established  nev/ 
claims  to  the  admiration  and  devotion  of  the  other  sex. 
They  have  excited  a  spirit  of  enterprize,  and  exem- 
plary industry,  and  they  have  arisen  above  the  preju- 
dices which  idleness  and  flmcied  distinction  attached 
to  useful  employment.  It  is  settled  that  the  cUgmtij 
and  excellence  of  female  character  is  not  diminished  hij 
exertions  of  industry — -that  distinction  in  society  has' 
no  legitimate  foundation^  but  the  good  diffused— that  a 
life  of  amusement  is  the  bane  of  virtue^  and  of  honor — 
and  a  day  spent  to  no  useful  purpose^  a  subject  of  re- 
gret. In  fine,  the  ladies  of  Berkshire  have  reclaimed 
the  properties,  and  merit  that  meed  of  praise,  whlcli. 


12 

Solomon,  the  wisest  man  of  his  time,  awarded  to  the 
sex  of  that  day — "  They  will  do  good  and  not  evil  all 
the  days  of  their  lives.  They  seek  the  wool  and  the 
flax,  and  work  willingly  with  their  hands.  They  make 
themselves  coverings  of  tapestry.  Their  clothing  is 
silk  and  purple.  Their  husbands  are  known  in  the 
gates,  when  they  sit  among  the  elders  of  the  land. — • 
Strength  and  honor  are  their  clothing'^ — "  they  shall 
rejoice  in  time  to  come." 

I  have  now,  my  respected  auditory,  rapidly  review- 
ed the  chief  events  and  transactions  in  relation  to  the 
agriculture  and  manufactures  of  the  county.  Having 
observed  these  local  occurrences,  we  cannot  dismiss 
the  subject,  without  considering  what  has  been  doing 
elsewhere.  The  example  of  this  association,  its  nov- 
el manner,  its  practical  usefulness,  have  given  an  im- 
pulse to  public  speculations  which  are  fast  maturing 
to  a  state  of  systematic  usefulness.  In  this  Common- 
wealth, public  attention  is  awaking  to  a  knowledge  of 
their  condition  and  their  future  prospects  ;  and  we  are 
encouraged  to  hope  the  legislature  will  zealously  and 
sincerely  resume  the  enquiry,  what  ought  to  be  done, 
and  what  is  practicable,  for  the  greater  encouragement 
of  our  agriculture  and  manufactures  ? 

Among  the  important  institutions  for  advancing 
the  general  happiness,  none  is  more  conspicuous  than 
the  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  promotion  of  Ag^ 
riculture.  This  institution  has  long  maintained  a  dis- 
tinguished reputation  for  its  researches,  essays  and 
valuable  collections  on  rural  affairs.  They  have  man- 
ifested an  exemplary  liberality  in  offering  rewards  and 
encouragements  for  useful  improvements,  and  this 
year,  they  are  attempting  a  ntw  and  more  effectual  ex- 
citement, by  directing  a  show  of  animals  at  Brighton, 
near  Boston.  This  is  well,  so  far  as  it  goes.  It  is 
far  short  of  utility.  The  worthy  and  learned  Presi- 
dent of  that  institution  has  expressed  his  approbation 
of  your  measures,  and  his  admiration  of  their  success  ; 
and  he  has  requested  me,  gentlemen,  to  offer  you  the 
testimony  of  respect  and  best  wishes  of  that  institu- 


13 

t;on,  for  the  prosperity  of  a  Society  so  "  extensively 
useful  as  yours." 

The  respectable  state  of  New- York  has  adopted 
this  Society  as  their  model,  and  they  are  forming  sev- 
eral institutions  resembling  tliis.  And  within  a  few  daya 
past,  we  have  had  an  application  from  the  state  of 
Kentucky,  requesting  our  assistance  to  enable  the^Ti  to 
form  a  societ}^  like  our  own.  The  application  has 
been  complied  with.  The  state  of  Connecticut,  also, 
has  this  month,  for  the  first  time,  beheld  an  associa- 
tion of  eminent  men  of  that  state,  assembled  to  pro- 
mote their  agriculture  and  manufactures.  This  nov- 
el exhibition  took  place  at  the  city  of  New- Haven, 
under  the  patronage  of  a  revered  revolutionary  pat- 
riot and  statesman,  by  whom  they  were  addressed. — 
Thus  we  behold  the  spirit  of  improvement  in  active 
operation,  in  several  important  sections  of  the  coun- 
try.  These  occurrences  should  confirm  us  in  the 
correctness  of  our  viev;s,  and  should  stimulate  us  to 
unabated  perseverance. 

While  we  reflect  with  pleasure,  and  with  gratitude, 
on  these  propitious  events,  the  Society  should  not  rest 
satisfied  with  the  enlightened  and  benevolent  views  of 
the  past  time.  Greater  prosperity  and  more  extensive 
usefulness  are  before  them.  That  these  prospects 
may  not  become  illusory,  or  momentary  in  effect,  I 
ask  permission  to  recommend,  gentlemen  of  the  So- 
ciety and  fellow-citizens,  the  advantages  of  collecting 
books  on  agriculture  and  manufactures  ;  on  the  dis- 
eases of  all  domestic  animals,  and  their  remedies  ;  and 
on  all  the  improvem.ents  which  ancient  and  modern 
times  have  consecrated  to  the  prosperity  of  man. — ■ 
These  researches  v/ould  excite  a  spirit  of  enquiry  and 
a  passion  for  reading,  which  would  difilise  through 
our  ranks  important  social  advantages.  Pleasure  ar«:l 
profit  would  walk  hand  in  hand,  and  we  should  wit- 
ness among  the  risen,  and  rising  generation,  that  pol- 
ish of  tnind,  and  those  treasures  of  k)unvlcdt(e^  ivhwh 
commend  man  to  f)ian^  and  exalt  ii'im  to  the  first  moral 
distinction^  as  he  is  elevated  by  the  tenor  of  his  rights^ 
to  the  enviable  rank  of  lord  of  the  suil  he  cultivates. 


14 

Gentlemen  of  the  Society, 

Before  we  separate,  the  occasion  requires  that  I 
suggest  for  your  consideration  several  matters,  that 
anerit  examination  and  experiment,  It  is  apparrent 
for  several  years  past,  that  our  husbandry  has  been 
inclining  to  grazing  rather  than  to  tillage.  The  high 
price  of  labor,  has  unquestionably  contributed  chiefly 
to  this  change.  The  consequence  is  a  diminution  of 
the  products  of  tillage,  and  a  gradual  rise  of  the  pri- 
ces in  the  market.  Hence  this  county,  as  well  fitted 
by  nature  for  the  production  of  white  crops  as  any  o- 
ther  in  the  same  latitude,  has  annually  sent  abroad 
large  sums  of  money  for  flour  and  grain. 

During  this  period,  the  population  of  the  county 
has  considerably  increased,  and  of  that  population  a 
larger  proportion  has  exchanged  its  employments  in 
agriculture  for  manufacturing.  These  changes  have 
not  suflUciently  attracted  attention.  The  period  has 
arrived,  when  the  interest  and  prosperity  of  the  coun- 
ty demand,  that  our  rural  concerns  should  be  conform- 
ed to  this  new  state  of  society.  It  is  precisely  the 
course  of  events  which  has  happened  in  every  coun- 
try in  its  progressive  advancement,  through  the  vari- 
ous stages  of  improvement ;  and  at  such  a  period, 
and  in  such  a  state  of  things,  good  sense,  which  al- 
ways leads  to  correct  results,  has  discovered  and  ap- 
plied the  remedy.  It  consists  in  varying  the  husband- 
ry from  grazing  to  tillage,  and  adopting  a  free  use  of 
the  jjIow,  attended  with  ample  manuring,  a  rotation  of 
crops,  and  faithfully  stocking  the  land  with  suitable 
grasses.  This  course  will  furnish  a  complete  remedy 
for  the  privations  and  losses  attending  the  pastural 
state  of  farming.  Experience  has  demonstrated,  that 
by  no  other  course  can  a  numerous  population  be  sus- 
tained, manufactures  be  prospered,  or  any  considera- 
ble commerce  be  expected.  These  remarks  are  all 
exemplified  in  the  kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  where 
tillage  is  advanced  of  every  other  country,  and  sus- 
tains a  wonderful  and  increasing  population,  and  is 
piade  the  basis  of  the  n^ost  extensive  manufactures 


15 

and  commerce,  which  the  world  ever  witnessed.—^ 
There  agricultural  employments  hold  the  most  eleva- 
ted rank  in  public  opinion.  The  most  noble  and 
distinguished  men  are  its  patrons.  The  nobles  of  the 
land  take  the  lead  in  their  numerous  and  highly  es- 
teemed associations,  for  the  promotion  of  these  great- 
est national  interests.  Do  we,  gendemen,  possess  less 
public  spirit  ?  Have  we  less  sensibility  to  the  best 
interests  of  this  county  ? 

The  time  allowed  me  will  not  permit  the  pursuit 
of  this  subject  through  all  its  relations  ;  especially  in 
what  concerns  the  grasses  proper  for  this  soil  and  cli- 
mate, and  the  most  approved  implements  of  cultiva- 
tion. These  subjects  I  recommend  to  your  faithful 
consideration,  and  to  experiments  that  may  test  their 
utility. 

There  yet  remains  a  subject  of  the  greatest  possible 
interest  to  this  county,  about  which  much  delusion 
and  error  have  commenced  their  destructive  career. 
You  will  perceive  I  allude  to  our  sheep.  This  animal 
has  always  occupied  the  first  consideration,  in  the  e- 
numeration  of  articles  of  convenience  or  necessity. — 
If  we  consider  the  subject,  as  it  relates  to  domestic  e- 
conomy,  or  agricultural  prosperity,  or  the  source  of 
commercial  supplies,  or  the  basis  of  individual  and 
national  opulence  and  independence,  it  acquires  the 
greatest  interest,  and  merits  the  most  decided  and 
persevering  support.  On  this  occasion,  it  cannot  be 
expected,  that  I  should  occupy  your  attention  with 
details  of  their  comparative  profit,  their  peculiar  fit- 
ness to  our  country  and  course  of  husbandry,  and  of 
the  superior  advantages  derived  to  our  hill  country, 
from  multiplying  this  esteemed  animal. 

These  details  I  recommend  to  your  sober  and  care- 
ful  examination.  Treat  the  subject  dispassionately, 
and  the  result  will  correct  error,  and  dissipate  all  delu- 
sion. In  every  country  where  man  has  existed  and 
multiplied  since  the  days  of  the  shepherds  of  Juden, 
to  this  time;  sheep  have  been  considered  as  neccssary 


|r 


16 

to  civilized  society,  and  a  source  of  incalculable  profit. 
On  what  foundation  then  rests  the  prejudice  and  clam- 
or, so  inconsiderately  cxeixised  towards  this  most  in- 
offensive of  animals.  Has  it  any  foandatioa,  but  the 
accidental  occurrence  of  one  or  two  uiipropitious  sea- 
sons, by  which  the  products  of  ag-riculture  have  been 
dimhiished,  and  the  expence  of  sustaining  them  in- 
creased ?  Does  it  rest  on  the  scanty  supjilies  of  grain, 
and  the  enhanced  price  of  the  dairy  ?  If  so,  the  evil 
will  soon  be  corrected.  Another  season  will,  proba- 
bly, restore  agriculture  to  its  usual  prosperity,  and  the 
return  to  an  efficient  course  of  tillage  husbandry,  will 
lemove  all  other  grounds  of  complaint.  Thus  it  is 
readily  perceived,  the  objections  to  sheep  are  casual, 
and  of  short  duration. 

The  increasing  demand  for  wool,  for  the  immediate 
supply  of  the  people  of  the  U.  States,  is  greater  tha?i 
some  imagine  ;  and  it  will  soon  command  a  price  be- 
yond the  relative  value  of  other  objects  of  agriculture. 
If  the  people  of  the  United  States,  like  those  of  Eng- 
land, (true  to  themselves)  would  endeavor  to  raise 
the  wool  necessary  for  their  home  supply,  the  quaiiti- 
t}'  would  probably  equal  fifty  millions  of  pounds,  re- 
quiring at  least  sixteen  millions  of  sheep  to  supply 
the  demand.  It  is  probable,  at  the  present  time,  that 
the  wool  and  sheep  of  the  U.  States,  do  not  exceed 
the  quantity  sufficient  to  supply  more  than  one  half  of 
the  above  amount.  Here,  then,  is  a  prospect  sufficient- 
ly encouraging  to  the  American  agriculturalist,  es- 
pecially when  we  take  into  the  account  that  foreign 
tvools  are  subject  to  a  duty  of  fifteen  cents  on  the 
pound,  and  foreign  woollens  to  a  duty  of  twenty-five 
per  centum*  These  causes  cannot  fail  in  due  time  to 
produce  an  ample  compensation  to  all  growers  of  wool. 

The  same  enlightened  spirit,  which  commenced 
this  system  of  protection  for  American  wool  and  man- 
ufactures, will  never  cease  its  vigilance  and  activity, 
until  these  great  interests  are  placed  out  of  jeopardy. 
Taking  it  for  granted,  that  this  view  of  the  subject 
will  repress  die  complaints  against  sheep,  I  feel  it  an 


17 

imperious  duty  to  urge  my  fellow- citizens  to  perse- 
vere vigorously  in  this  part  of  their  rural  employments^ 
The  merino  sheep,  so  invaluable  and  requisite  in  all 
fine  cloth  fabrics,  maintain  the  reputation  acquired, 
and  merit  increasing  confidence.  The  comparative 
profit  of  these  sheep  is  great,  and  although  their  nom- 
inal value  has  declined,  their  present  value  is  sufficient 
to  stimulate  to  the  most  active  exertions  in  rearing 
them.  However  much  it  is  the  interest  of  the  coun- 
ty to  give  these  animals  the  decided  preference,  it  is 
proper  that  our  native  races  of  sheep  should  not  be 
forgotten.  In  all  common  and  household  manufac- 
tures they  deserve  to  be  held  in  great  estimation. — 
Permit  me  to  urge  more  care  in  selecting  and  rearing 
of  this  native  stock.  It  will  amply  repay  the  labor 
and  expence. 

And  I  cannot  dismiss  this  subject  v/ithout  recom- 
mending toyour  notice  the  remarkable  fine  race  of  sheep, 
which,  for  several  years,  have  been  reared  by  Asahel 
Pomroy,  Esq.  of  Northampton.  For  beauty,  size, 
and  good  quality  of  wool,  they  surpass  all  our  native 
sheep.  Much  has  been  said  of  the  Virginia,  Arling- 
ton, and  Smith  Island  sheep.  They  are  pronoun- 
ced by  good  judges  as  little  inferior  in  value  to  the  far 
famed  merino.  It  is  hoped,  that  shortly  we  shall  be 
able  to  procure  enough  of  these  races  to  make  an  ex- 
periment, that  will  decide  their  utility  and  fitness  for 
this  climate. 

G.ENTLEMEN — The  United  States  possess  two 
great  and  leading  interests,  those  of  agriculture  and 
manufactures.  All  other  interests  are  subordinate 
and  dependent  on  these.  The  former  was  the  early 
pursuit  of  our  venerable  forefathers,  their  chief  re- 
source, and  the  last  and  surest  reliance  of  posterity. 
Manufactures  became  an  object  of  patronage  with  iho 
framers  of  the  present  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Tiie  first  acts  of  the  government  recognized 
their  importance,  and  identified  their  existence  and 
prosperity  with  the  policy  adopted  to  suiitain  the  des- 
tjjiy  of  a  great  nation. 


To  fix  their  importance  and  create  public  sensibility, 
the  first  President  of  the  United  States,  the  immortal 
Washington,  appeared,  on  the  day  of  his  inaugura- 
tion, in  a  full  suit  of  American  manufacture.  This 
timely  display  of  patriotism  was  soon  followed  by  a 
report  on  this  very  interesting  subject,  by  the  great 
and  ever-lamented  Hamilton. 

From  that  day  to  the  present  time,  the  Presidents, 
in  succession,  have  never  failed  to  place  this  great 
subject  before  their  countrymen,  in  language  of  deci- 
ded approbation  ;  and  it  is  due  to  the  present  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  to  declare  that  the  agricultu- 
ral and  manufacturing  interests  of  the  nation,  have  u- 
niformly  been  encouraged,  by  him,  and  received  his 
decided  support.  In  the  success  of  these  great  inter- 
ests, tills  county  has  an  immense  value  at  stake.  Du- 
ring the  last  ses^sion  of  Congress,  this  important  cause 
was  gloriously  sustained,  by  a  distinguished  band 
of  patriotic  representatives.  In  that  difficult  and  ar- 
duous controversy  the  worthy  representative  of  this 
district  powerfully  advocated  the  interests  of  his  con- 
stituents, and  merits  their  gratitude. 

Fellow-Citizens — The  important  duties,  as- 
signed to  my  discharge  this  day,  have  led  me  to  occu- 
py your  attention,  perhaps,  too  long.  To  some  the 
jaibjects  may  appear  distant  and  uninteresting  ;  to 
others  combining  too  liule  of  fancy,  and  elegant  spec- 
ulation, to  excite  the  feelings  of  the  heart,  or  produce 
the  charm  of  amusement.  Anxious  to  acquit  myself 
usefully  of  the  trust  reposed,  I  have  attempted  to  pre- 
sent to  you,  those  considerations,  which  demand  your 
more  particular  attention.  On  their  success  depends 
our  happiness,  and  the  prosperity  and  glory  of  our 
country.  I  have  this  day  experienced  an  elevated 
jileasure  in  pursuing  a  course  near  to  ray  heart,  and 
for  your  indulgence  I  am  grateful. 

Gentlemen   of   the   Society, 

Before  we  separate,  let  me  appeal  to  your  pa- 


19 

triotism,  and  to  the  sensibility  of  interest,  to  engage 
you  zealously  and  persevcringly  to  espouse,  support, 
and  execute  the  great  and  benevolent  purposes  of  this 
institution.  It  is  with  pride  and  respect  that  I  have 
announced  your  meritorious  exertions  and  sacrifices, 
during  the  period  of  your  association.  These  benev- 
olent labors,  shall  shed  blessings  oa  your  country,  and 
will  be  rewarded  by  the  grateful  homage  of  the  pres- 
ent and  future  generations. 


MR.  WATSON'S  ADDRESS. 


Gentlemen, 

I  am  again  invited  to  proclaim  your  premiums — Also,  to 
offer  some  preliminary  remarks  on  this  auspicious  occasion. 

After  my  remo\'al  from  this  State,  I  little  expected  this  new 
proof  of  honor  and  confidence — I  meet  the  compliment  with 
sensations  of  gratitude.  Following  the  interesting  and  excel- 
lent communication  of  your  President,  just  delivered,  it  would 
be  preposterous  and  improper  that  I  should  attempt  any  gen- 
eral observations  on  the  subjects  of  agriculture  and  manufac- 
tures, the  promotion  qf  which  are  the  exclusive  objects  of  your 
novel  and  interesting  association. 

ATy  only  object  in  addressing  to  you  a  few  •words,  is  again 
to  express  my  undiminished  zeal  for  your  prosperity  and  happi- 
ness, and  to  endeavor  to  impress  on  your  minds  the  vast  impor- 
tance of  continuing  your  labors. 

Your  measures,  my  friends,  (with  whom  T  have  been  so  long 
accustomed  to  act  in  this  pleasing  and  useful  employmt-nt)  are 
considered  by  the  American  nation,  not  as  localized,  or  identified 
■with  the  immediate  interests  of  Pitisficld — or  Berkshire — or 
^iassachusetls. — No,  Gentlcinen,  1  can  now  say  with  pride 
and  with  pleasure,  the  eyes  of  America  are  fixed  on  your  pat- 
I'iotic  course  with  anxious  solicitude.  For  some  weeks  past,  we 
find  the  public  papers   from  Maine  to  Georgia — from  the  Al- 


lanlic  to  liie  Missis-iippi — all  teeming  in  the  praises  of  your  So- 
ciety, and  holding  it  up  to  view  as  worthy  of  general  imitation. 
Several  Agriculluial  Societies  are  recently  organized — others 
in  contemjjlation — and  ail  avowedly  on  your  model.  It  will, 
also,  be  peculi:.i'ly  grat>  ful  to  every  member  of  this  glorious 
Society,  to  know  that  tlic  moiliei  Soci-  ty  of  this  State  is  following 
your  jfoot -St c/is  mihtiv  first  Cattle  Siiow,  to  be  cxiiibilcd  the 
ensuing  week  at  Brighton. — They  are  blessed  with  an  over- 
flowing treasury,  and  have,  af.  lengf/i,  evinced  a  disposition  to 
appropiiate  a  small  /loriion  of  their  income,  to  excite  a  lauda- 
ble spirit  of  emulation  in  the  viciniiy  of  the  ca))ital.  Your  ex- 
emplary measun^s  are  considered  national,  since  their  infiuence 
is  extended  into  every  section  of  this  great  republic. 

It  is  a  singular  fact,  and  ought  not  to  be  concealed — the  far- 
ther you  recede  fiom  this  centre,    which  in\igor;iics  and  gives 


21 

Kfe  and  animation  to  your  annual  exhibitions,  into  l^Iie  most  «^ls«- 
tant  points  ot"  the  union,  the  more  yovii"  patriotic  exertions  aro 
appreciated.  With  these  truths  in  view,  and  in  a  full  knowl- 
edge how  far  this  immediate  connnunity  have  been  benefitted 
by  the  visible  and  increasing  good  effects  resulting  iron)  a  laud- 
able excitement  in  every  direction  ;  every  farmer  in  this  coun- 
ty must  be  dead  to  his  own  interest,  dead  to  the  honor  of  Berk- 
shire, not  10  contribute  iiis  mite  to  a  general  fund,  on  which,  a^ 
lone,  must  depend  the  existi^ncc  of  this  society. 

Some  have  supposed  it  indispensible  that  a  literary  character 
sliould  always  preside  over  this  institution.  This  is  a  mistake. 
Since  it  is  not  necessary  a  formal  address  should  be  annually 
made.  Any  plain,  respectable  farmer,  of  sound  iniormation,  of 
enlarged  and  liberal  views,  can  with  equal  propriety  discharge 
the  necessary  functions,  by  an  annual  communicaiion,  simply 
confined  to  your  progressive  improvements  in  agriculture  and 
manufactures,  to  be  read  by  your  Secretary,  and  published  for 
general  information.  Since  practical  experiments  are  the  es- 
sential points  in  view,  the  more  simple  your  future  course,  and 
the  less  ostentatious,  the  greater  will  be  popular  confidence. 

The  only  effectual  measure  to  keep  your  wheels  in  motion  is 
to  oil  them.  Oil  them,  by  an  exact  puncluality  in  your  volun- 
tary engagements.  A  few  annual  drops  of  this  oil,  from  each 
farmer,  will,  I  stand  pledged,  cvitntually  overs}ire<,id  tiiis  coun? 
ty  with  wealth  and  happiness. 

To  ensure  wjth  greater  certainty  the  necessary  funds,  per- 
haps it  may  he  found  expedient  and  prt)per  to  reduce  fiie  num- 
ber of  your  premiums,  and  in  the  same  view  to  confine  them, 
in  each  succes;-.;vi^  year,  aiiernateiy,  either  to  Agriculture  or  to 
Manuiaclures  exclusively.  The  present  distressed  situation  of 
this  touritry  and  England,  is  full  evidence  that  we  musi  fall 
back  on  our  native  resouices,  to  a  certain  point.  Aliliougn  tne 
shelves  of  our  merchants,  and  tiie'stores  of  our  Custom-H'jU:-ies, 
are  loaded  v/itn  foreig!)  manufactures,  estimated  at  the  frigiuful 
sum  of  200  millions  of  dollars,  and  selling  at  half  their  ii^iin- 
sic  value — although  we  are  standing  on  the  verge  of  a  preci- 
pice, which  threatens  universal  desolation  in  the  mercantile 
and  manufactuiing  world,  yet  ii  is  gcateful  to  the  patriot's  eye, 
to  see  so  large  a  propoition  of  this  respectable  assembiai;-c  clad 
in  homespun,  on  the  increase  of  which,  we  must  cvenujally 
build  our  prosperity — our  substantial  indtjiendcnce.  In  a  word, 
my  friends,  we  must  practice  the  salutary  lesson  of  ccoia.njy — . 
we  must  retrace  the  humble  footstejjs  of  otir  ancestors,  or  be 
cnalaved  to  our  credirors  at  home  and  abroad.  Tht  oniv  pi'ido 
of  our  females  in  ti;ese  glcon))  times  [awil  much  depends  on 
their  example)  should  he^  to  be  attired  in  llie  woi  ks  of  their  own 
hands,  and  to  see  their  fathers,  tiicir  hu  hands,  their  brothers, 
nay,  their  snuect-hcarts.,  marching  by  their  sides,  clothed  in 
homet-Jmn  also,  of  their  uwri  makn.'i^.*    \_pce  A'oSc,22d  fia^e.'] 


22 

We  must  buy  less — make  more — holding  credit  as  the 
bane  and  curse  of  this  community — thus,  also,  holding  the  law- 
yers and  sheriffs  a(  dcjiance.  Every  freeman  would  then  rest 
in  peace  under  his  own  vine,  and  walk  erect,  with  a  firm  and 
manly  step,  on  the  blessed  soil  of  America,  truly  the  lords  of 
the  creation.  Sliould  your  labors  produce  these  glorious  re- 
sults, yoiur  names  will  stand  immortalized,  and  future  genera- 
tions who  stroll  in  church-yards,  may  read  on  your  tombs  this 
pioud  but  simple  epitaph — 

Here  lies  a  member  of  the  first  Berkshire  .^g^riciiltural  Society — 
JMay  generations  yet  unborn  learn,  by  his  example,  to  love  their  country. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  this  Society  must  perish,  all  farther  ef- 
forts on  this  scale  will  be  deadened  for  a  century  to  come.  But 
you  \vill  always  have  the  censolation  of  knowing,  that  you  are 
entitled  to  the  eternal  gratitude  of  Berkshire — that  you  have 
kept  your  feet  firm  on  the  stiff  neck  of  party  spirit — that  you 
have  held  the  monster  down — hence  your  prosperity.  That 
you  have  struggled  year  after  year,  performing  a  great  national 
object,  deprived  of  funds,  or  legislative  pationage  ;  and  yet,  by 
a  miracle^  as  it  were,  you  have  commanded  both  respect  and 
success.  My  friends,  you  have  a  solemn  charge  committed  to 
your  hands — since  as  on  the  successful  result  of  your  example, 
numerous  Agricultural  Societies  will  yet  arise  to  bless  the  land, 
or  be  repressed  by  your  fall.  With  these  remarks,  and  implo- 
ring Heaven's  blessings  to  crown  your  patriotic  efforts  with 
merited  success,  I  will  again  proceed  to  the  remaining  duty  as- 
signed to  me. 

JVote. — Here  the  venerable  Orator  turned  towards  the  north 
gallery,  which  was  exclusively  appropriated  to  a  beautiful  col- 
ieclion  of  Ladies — female  singers  included — and  the  delighted 
audience  spontaneously  applauded.  The  eftect  may  be  better 
coqceived  than  described. — Ed.  Sun.'] 


REPORT  ON  AGRICULTURE, 


The  Committee  of  the  Berkshire  Agricultural  Society  appoin- 
led  tor  viewing  crops  standing  in  the  fields,  have  faithfully  at- 
tended to  the  discharge  of  their  important  trust,  and  beg  leave, 
respectfully,  to  report  : 

That  they  noticed  with  peculiar  pleasure  a  growing  atten- 
tion to  improvements  in  Agriculture  in  every  pan  of  the  Coun- 
ty, where  their  duty  called  them,  which  was  highly  gratifying 
to  them,  especially  as  it  Avas  manifest  that  these  interesting  re- 
sults of  our  enquiries  were  principally  owing  to  the  effects  of 
your  Society,  in  diffusing  a  laudable  spirit  of  emulation  among 
our  farmers,  which  has  stimulated  a  ^^eneral  ambition  to  excel, 
not  only  in  raising  good  crops,  but  keeping  buildings  and  fences 
in  belter  repair.  It  is,  therefore,  our  earnest  wish  and  entreaty, 
thai  the  ntembers  of  the  Society,  and  the  community  at  large, 
will  contribute  liberally  to  the  support  of  an  institution  so  emi- 
nently calculated  to  do  good  to  the  whole  country. 

Wc  will  not,  on  this  occasion,  trespass  on  the  time  of  the 
public  by  going  into  detail  as  to  the  best  method  of  fencing,  of 
collecting  and  creating  mar.ures,  or  of  raising  and  preserving 
fruit  trees,  and  mai^y  other  objects  interesting  to  every  farmer. 
At  the  same  titne  we  beg  leave  strongly  to  recommend  a  gene- 
ral attention  to  these  interesting  objects,  that  the  Society  and 
posterity  may  derive  knowledge  and  benefit  from  our  experience. 

Your  Committee  cannot  refrain  from  expressing  their  deep 
sense  of  gratitude  and  praise  to  Almighty  GOD,  in  blessing 
this  people  with  such  abundant  crops  of  wheat,  rye,  oats,  flax 
and  peas  ;  notwithstanding  the  unconmion  cold,  and  severe 
drought,  they  were  never  greater.  Indian  coiti  having,  for  the 
same  reasons,  generally  failed,  the  applicants  for  premiums  on 
that  article,  generous'y  waved  their  pretensions,  and  are  entitkul 
to  the  thanks  of  the  Society.  The  candidates  were  numerous, 
and  had  the  season  been  favorable,  the  whole  eommunity  would 
have  been  sensible  of  the  visible  effects  of  your  premiums. 

On  the  suggestion  of  the  President,  your  Committee  exam- 
ined a  mill  erected  by  Capt.  Merrill's,  for  grinding  Plaister  of 
Paris,  on  an  extensive  scale  ;  and  they  beg  leave  to  recommend 
it,  from  its  promised  utility,   as  an  object  worthy  of  a  premium. 

By  order  of  the  Viewing  Committee  of  jl^riculture. 

JOEL  BRADLEY,  C/mlrMan. 


0   HONORARY  members: 


Hon.  John  Adams,   Qtiinceii,  (Mass.) 
BIr.  Joel  Bradley,  iMnesborouifh. 
t\mxin.  De  Witt  Clinton,  J^Ttw-York. 
G.  W.  P.  Custis,  Esq.  Abington,  (Va.) 
lion.  Samuel  Dexter,  Bcsion. 
Major-General  Henry  Deai-born,  Esq.  liosioT.. 
H.  A.  S.  Dearborn,  Esq.  do. 

Aaron  Dexter,  Esq.  do. 

Hon.  Christopiier  Gore,  do. 

Hon.  John  Holmes,  Alfred,  (Maine.) 
Hon.  Thomas  JefFer&on,  Moiiiicello,  (Va.) 
Samuel  G.  Jarvis,  Esq.   Clareinont,  (N.  II.) 
Wiiliara  Jarvis,  Esq.   U'eaihersficid,  (Vt.) 
:.  Leonard  Jarvis^ 
Ti'.  James  Lloyd,  Bostun. 
Hon.  Jolin  Lansing,  jun.  Albawr. 
Robert  L.  Livingston,  Esq.   Cleiimnt,  (N.  Y.) 
Dr.  Joseph  L.  Lovell,  lio&ton. 
His  Excellency  James  Madison. 
Dr.  S.  L.  Mitchell,  J^ev-rork. 

Hon.  John  'vlason,  Ceor^eioton,  (DisUict  of  Columbia.) 
Thomas  Melvill,  Esq.  Boston. 
John  R.  Murray,  Esq.  J^ev>-York, 
Hon.  Harrison  G.  Otis,  Boston. 
Hon.  Richard  Peters,  PlUladdphia. 
James  Prince,  Esq.  Boston. 
Son.  Josiah  Quinccy,    do. 
Zachariah  Peirson,  Esq.  JRichmond. 
Hon.  Stc])hcn  Van  Rensselxr,  Albiwy 
His  Excellency  Caleb  Strong',  JK^orthamptan 
Hon.  Richard  Sullivan,  Boston. 
Jeremiah  Stebbins,  Esq.  Spi-ingfeld. 
Lemuel  Shaw,  Esq.  Boston. 
Hon.  John  Tayler,  AlLanir. 
Hon.  Dudley  A.  Tyng",   Cambridge. 
lion.  Thomas  L.  Winthrop,  Boston. 
Nathan  Appleton,  Esq.  do. 

Samur.l  Appltton,  Esq.  do. 

ilimGOTi  »o  Witt,  Esq.  Albany. 

•k 


